Dance Movements & Accompaniment (DMA)


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In Chapter 6, students are expected to be able to appreciate and create dance arts, namely:

  1. Identifying various levels of dance movement,
  2. Describing dance movements based on high, medium and low levels,
  3. Performing dance movements based on high, medium and low levels according to the accompaniment
  4. Associating dance movements based on high, medium and low levels with attitudes and socio-cultural life in society, and
  5. Communicate dance movement performances based on high, medium, and low levels according to accompaniment verbally and/or in writing.

When we do movement, there are high and low levels such as sometimes standing, sitting, or jumping. The high and low movements we do are often called levels. Pay attention and observe the image below carefully.

Example of Tar Motion

After you observe the picture above, answer the questions below:

  1. Is there a group of dancers whose position is higher than the other dancers?
  2. Are there any dancers standing in line with other dancers?
  3. Can you compare the differences between the two dance images below?

You can observe dance movements from other sources such as the internet, watching performances via VCD, and other learning sources. You can observe dance movements that are developing in your area, but you can also observe dances from other areas.

Evaluation Table

Discussion Sheet Format

After you have filled in the column about the region of origin of the traditional dance, then discuss it with your friends and fill in the column below.

Dance Movement Level Observation Results Discussion Format

  • Member's name :
  • Observation day/date:

A. Understanding Levels

You have had a discussion with your friends about dance movements based on levels. In Indonesia there is also a tradition that is carried out at a high level, namely floating, namely in the Nias area by jumping over stones. This tradition has been around for hundreds of years and is still maintained today.

Likewise in performing dance movements. Figure 6.1 shows movements performed at low, medium, and high levels. Low-level movements are performed touching the floor. Medium-level movements are performed parallel to the body, and high-level movements are performed to the extent of the dancer's ability to perform vertical movements.

Level movement

The movement levels performed by a group of dancers can form lower and upper designs. This design can give a dynamic impression to the movements performed. Figure 6.1 shows low, medium and high levels that form a cone design. Dancers who are at a high level form the upper corner line, the medium level forms the side line and the lying position forms the lower corner line. The movement levels can also function to show characters in a dance performance.

The same level is also shown in Figure 6.2. The movement level shows a medium level performed by a dancer standing half-way. A dancer stands upright with his hands on his hips and another dancer lies on the stage indicating a low level. Every regional dance movement has similarities at both high, medium, and low levels.

Dance as a whole has similarities or similarities with other regions and even other countries. Regional dances in Kalimantan have similarities with Malaysia, especially the Sabah region. So culture can cross borders not only in one provincial area but also national borders. In Kalimantan and Sabah, both have Dayak cultural arts. Similarities in cultural arts can also be found in the Balinese and Sasak communities in West Nusa Tenggara. Dance as one of the cultural products can be a unifying medium between tribes, races, religions, and groups.

B. Motion Level

1. High Level

High levels of dance movement are often performed in ballet dance traditions. Ballet dancers often perform high-level movements by floating. To be able to perform floating movements, good and correct movement techniques are required. Figure 6.3 shows a dancer performing floating movements.


High level can also be found in traditional dance in Indonesia. In figure 6.4 is shown about the war dance of Dayak tribe, one of the dancers jumps and gives the impression of dynamic and extraordinary strength. Dances with war themes in each tribe have high level similarities. High level also serves to show between two different roles.


2. Medium Level

Movement at a medium level is almost owned by all traditional dances in Indonesia. The medium level is shown in the position of the dancer standing straight on the stage. Figure 6.5 shows the position of the dancer standing using a stick and legs raised. The movements performed have a masculine impression because this kind of movement is often done by male dancers. Properties using sticks are often found in Javanese, Sundanese, Kalimantan, and Papuan dance movements, as well as other regions. The stick can be a spear or something similar. The stick or spear used usually indicates that the dance has a war theme.


Medium level movements are also shown in figure 6.6. All dancers perform a sequence of movements with their bodies slightly leaning. This pose gives the impression of being sturdy and strong. This movement also gives the impression of masculinity, which is a movement that is usually danced for male roles.

3. Low Level

You must have seen a child rolling. Rolling from one place to another. Keep moving as if tirelessly. The rolling movement done in dance is called low level. The minimum height achieved by the dancer is when lying on the floor.

Figures 6.7 and 6.8 show dancers performing movements at a low level by rolling.


After reading the concept of motion levels, answer the questions below:
  1. What are the benefits of studying dance arts, whether they are developed in your area or other areas?
  2. What do you think if there are foreigners studying dance from Indonesia?
  3. Explain the relationship between dance movements and high levels.
  4. Explain the relationship between dance movements and moderate levels.
  5. Explain the relationship between dance movements and low levels.
So the level of movement performed can be divided into three, namely: high, medium, and low. The level of movement functions to create lower and upper designs so that the dance movements performed appear dynamic. The level of movement is also related to space, time, and energy. Level can form space. To form space requires time. To form space and time certainly requires energy to be able to perform movements according to their intensity.

Exploring Movement Activities

Activity 1

Do movement exploration based on high, medium and low levels.
The moving images in activity 1 are a stimulation for you to explore movement based on level.
You can find sources of movement stimulation from various learning sources.
The purpose of exploring this activity is so that you have personal movement awareness at high, medium and low levels.

Activity 1

You already know the elements of level.

1). Do the movements individually or in groups with low, medium, and high level movements. Then write down the movements you have done and draw the position of the level you have done!


2). Perform movements as in Figure 6.10, showing low-level movements. The dancer squats on the feet. This position is often found in various movements in Sunda and Java. The dancer walks while squatting. In Sundanese and Javanese society, walking while squatting means respecting older or adult people. Respect is not because of position, status, or rank but means that older or older people are seen as having advantages in knowledge.


3). Do the movements as in Figure 6.11 which shows movements at a moderate level. The movements performed are based on the variety of Kalimantan movements. The dancers use feathers on their heads and hands. This dance tells the story of the agility of the Hornbill that lives in the forests of Kalimantan.


Exploring Movement Activities

Activity 2

Do movement exploration based on high, medium and low levels.
The following moving images are a stimulation for you to explore movement based on level.

You can find sources of movement stimulation from various learning sources.
The purpose of exploring activity 2 is so that you have personal movement awareness towards dance movements by using properties, in pairs, and performing dance movements according to the count or beat.

Activity 2

Students perform dance movements using umbrellas/fans based on space, time, energy and level according to the accompaniment.

Exercise 1


Exercise 2

Do the movement using an umbrella. Umbrella is one of the tools as protection during the rain. Umbrella can also be used as a property in dancing as a mushroom that blooms and buds. Can be used as a symbol of protection. The movement can be done by expanding and closing the umbrella, rotating it in the hand, flipping it with the handle above and rotating it.

Exercise 3


The accompanying song can use a song according to the Bird Dance region, besides using a scarf as wings, you can also use a fan. Make the fan as the wings of newborn birds. Move the fan open and close as if a small bird is practicing flapping its wings. The movement can be done by sitting, standing, or rolling on the floor.

Do the following dance exercises accompanied by a song:
  • Lenggang-lenggang kangkung, Kangkung in the coconut grove, Lenggang-lenggang kangkung, Kangkung in the coconut grove, Fate is truly fortunate to have a lover who loves to laugh, Fate is truly fortunate to have a lover who loves to laugh.
  • Lenggang-lenggang kangkung, Kangkung from Semarang, Lenggang-lenggang kangkung, Kangkung from Semarang, unlucky fate of having your lover stolen by someone else, unlucky fate of having your lover stolen by someone else.

Water spinach salad

Do the following dance exercises accompanied by a song:
  1. Performing high level movements according to the accompaniment
  2. Performing movements at a moderate level according to the accompaniment
  3. Performing low level movements according to the accompaniment
  4. Perform movements continuously using high, medium and low levels according to the accompaniment.

C. Performing dance movements according to the accompaniment

1. Flying motion

Count one to four, walk quickly on tiptoes with your hands straight down. Count five to eight, walk quickly on tiptoes with your hands straight to the right and left with your wings spread. Do this movement for 4 x 8 counts.


Flying motion

2. Movement of opening and closing the wings

Count one, both hands close in front of the chest, the position of the right foot in front. Count two, the head's hands are spread out to the side, the position of the right foot is parallel to the left foot. Count three, the movement is the same as count one. Count four, the movement is the same as count two. Do the movement 4 x 8 counts.
Movement of opening and closing the wings

3. Rotating flying motion

Count one to four, the right hand position is straight to the side and the left hand is straight down forming a diagonal, the feet are in a fast walking position on tiptoe, count five to eight, the body position turns around with the right hand position straight down and the left hand straight up forming a diagonal, do the movement with a count of 4 x 8 counts.
Rotating flying motion

4. Pecking movement

Count one, the right hand is bent in front of the chest, the left hand is straight, the right foot is in front of the left foot. Count two to three, the right foot steps followed by the left foot. Count five, the left hand is bent in front of the chest, the right hand is straight, the left foot is in front of the right foot. Count six to eight, the left foot steps followed by the right foot. Do the movement for 4 x 8 counts.

Pecking motion

D. Competency Test

  1. Knowledge
  2. Explain what is meant by level in dance?
  3. Explain the 2 functions of levels in dance?
  4. Skills
  5. Make 5 level pictures in the form of group dance.

E. Summary

Based on the explanation in the previous material, it can be concluded that movement based on level has three elements, namely low, medium and high. These three levels are a whole unit so that they give a dynamic impression to the dance. The use of levels in movement is closely related to space, time and energy.

F. Reflection

You have learned about high level, medium level and low level in doing movement. We often find levels in life which are often called social strata. There are lower class (low level), middle class (medium level) and upper class (high level). As in dance each level is a whole unit so that it can create harmony. Likewise in life, a society of tolerance, love of peace, and mutual respect between social levels can create harmony in a pluralistic life.

In doing group movements based on level, discipline, responsibility, and tolerance are also needed among friends. This is important because performing dance in groups requires good cooperation.

Next, do a self-assessment by giving a check mark (P) in columns 1, 2, 3, and 4 according to your opinion.


Rating Table

Communicating Activities

You have done dance movement learning activities based on high, medium and low levels.
Write about the learning outcomes of one of your friends in the form of dance movements performed at that level.

The maximum writing is 50 words and is based on the results of observations of movement carried out by one of your friends.

The writing provides constructive criticism so that you and your friends know your weaknesses and shortcomings so that you can perform the dance movements better.

Source

Arts and Culture / Ministry of Education and Culture.-- Revised Edition. Jakarta: Ministry of Education and Culture, 2014. viii pp., 132 pp.; illus. 17.6 x 25 cm

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