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If scholars want to conduct research, it would be better to follow these standard procedures:
1. Select and/or identify the problem
Choosing a research problem is not easy, therefore careful thought is required.
2. Determine research objectives
In essence, it is a statement about what information (data) will be explored through the research.
3. Literature study
To obtain theoretical support for the selected research problem. Literature can be in the form of textbooks, previous research results, journals, and so on.
4. Formulate a research conceptual framework
A description and visualization of the concepts and variables to be measured.
The purpose of the conceptual framework is to obtain a clear picture of the direction in which the research is headed.
5. Formulate a hypothesis (if necessary)
Proposing a hypothesis to be tested in research, because the hypothesis determines the results predicted a priori.
6. Formulate research methods
Covers the types and methods of research used, research population and samples, methods and measuring instruments for data collection and data analysis plans.
7. Data collection
Based on the methods and tools of data collection.
8. Process and analyze data
Requires perseverance and understanding of data. What type of data will determine the technical analysis, data analysis can be done manually or with the help of a computer.
9. Make a report
The research report will present the research results data.
Reference
Masri Singarimbun, Survey Research Methodology, 1989, LP3ES, Jakarta.
Suharsimi Arikunto, Research Procedures: A Practical Approach, 1997, Rineka Cipta, Yogyakarta.
Soekidjo Notoatmodjo, Research Methodology, 1993, Rineka Cipta, Yogyakarta.
Zainal A. Hasibuan, Research Methodology in the Field of Computer Science and Information Technology, Concepts, Methods, Techniques and Applications, 1997, Fasilkom UI, Jakarta.