Obtaining Research Data (ORD)


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Data

Data is a collection of values ​​that reflect the characteristics of individuals from a population. Data can be in the form of numbers, letters, sounds or images. From this data, it is expected to obtain as much information as possible about the population. Thus, knowledge and mastery of analysis methods are needed as an effort to extract information contained in the data owned.

Research data is collected according to the research design that has been determined. The data is obtained through observation, experimentation or measurement of the symptoms being studied. The data collected is a statement of fact about the object being studied. Basically, data can be grouped into various types and parts.

Understanding Types of Research Data

Types of Data Based on How to Obtain Them

1. Data Primer

Primary data is data taken directly from the object of research or is data that comes from the original or first source. This data is not available in file form. The primary data must be sought through sources or respondents, namely people who we make the object of research or people who we use as a means of obtaining information or data.

Primary data search can be done by interviewing or interviewing directly with respondents, via telephone, email and so on. In collecting primary data, researchers usually use a research instrument called a questionnaire.

2. Data Seconds

Secondary data is data that is not obtained directly from the research object, but rather data that comes from sources that have been collected by other parties. Secondary data can be obtained quickly and easily because this data is usually already available and we just have to take and collect it.

We can collect secondary data from libraries, companies, trade organizations, central statistics bureaus, and government offices such as data from the Central Statistics Agency (BPS), research data, data from companies and so on.

Data Types Based on Data Source

1. Data Internal

Internal data is data that describes the situation and conditions of an organization internally. For example: financial data, employee data, production data, and so on.

2. External Data

External data is data that describes the situation and conditions outside the organization. Examples include data on the amount of use of a product by consumers, customer preference levels, population distribution, and so on.

Data Classification Based on Data Type

1. Quantitative Data

Quantitative data is data presented in the form of numbers. For example, the number of buyers during the Eid al-Fitr holiday, the height of IT students, and so on.

2. Qualitative Data

Qualitative data is data presented in the form of words that contain meaning. For example, consumer perceptions of bottled drinking water, experts' opinions on natural disasters that occur in Indonesia and others.

Data Type Division Based on Data Nature

1. Discrete Data

Discrete data is data whose value is a natural number. For example, the value of the rupiah currency over time and so on.

2. Continuous Data

Continuous data is data whose value is in a certain interval or is at one value to another value. For example, the use of the words around, approximately, approximately, and so on. The regional agricultural service imports raw materials for fertilizer factories of approximately 850 tons.

Types of Data According to Collection Time

1. Data Cross Section

Cross-section data is data that shows a specific point in time. For example, financial statements as of December 31, 2006, customer data of PT. PLN in April 2006, and so on.

2. Time Series Data (Periodic)

Periodic data is data that describes something from time to time or a period historically. An example of time series data is data on the development of the rupiah exchange rate against the US dollar from 2005 to 2006.

Data processing is directed to provide arguments or explanations regarding the thesis proposed in the research, based on the data or facts obtained. If there is a hypothesis, data processing is directed to confirm or reject the hypothesis. From the data that has been processed, sometimes a new hypothesis can be formed. If this happens, the research cycle can be started again to prove the new hypothesis. Data can be obtained by direct surveys in the field, observations and so on. After we get the data that has been collected with the method we choose, the next step is how we process the existing data to display the results we want to express. The data can be displayed in the form of tables or graphs to make it easier for us to understand.

Research Data Tabulation

There are two common ways for someone to present the results of a quantitative study. The first way is to present the numbers in a table or list, and the second way is to present a graph. Most people prefer the appearance of graphs for various reasons. In addition to being more attractive in terms of color and shape, in many cases the use of graphs is also more informative.

Data presentation can be presented in addition to being presented in the form of tables, it can also be presented in the form of images or graphs. Data presentation in the form of tables can be presented in several directions, including one-way tables, namely tables that only contain one description, two-way tables, namely tables that show the relationship between two different things and three-way tables, namely tables that show three different things.

Presenting data in the form of images can facilitate quick conclusion drawing. There are several types of graphs including line charts, bar charts, pie charts, pictograms and so on.

Reference

  • Masri Singarimbun, Survey Research Methodology, 1989, LP3ES, Jakarta.
  • Suharsimi Arikunto, Research Procedures: A Practical Approach, 1997, Rineka Cipta, Yogyakarta.
  • Soekidjo Notoatmodjo, Research Methodology, 1993, Rineka Cipta, Yogyakarta.
  • Zainal A. Hasibuan, Research Methodology in the Field of Computer Science and Information Technology, Concepts, Methods, Techniques and Applications, 1997, Fasilkom UI, Jakarta.

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