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The increased processing power available in computers has led to the development of a wide range of multimedia applications. These applications leverage the existing network infrastructure to deliver video-based and audio-based applications to the recipient. These networks are not used for long, solely to support data transmission. These applications provide more capabilities for two-way videoconferencing, audio broadcasting, whiteboard collaboration, interactive training and IP telephony (VoIP). With these applications, video and audio streaming is sent over the network between peers or between a client and a server. This chapter describes the description of the two peer protocols used to facilitate these applications. Real-Time Transport Protocol (RTP) and Real-Time Control Protocol (RTCP) are used to synchronize and control traffic flow in multimedia applications. This chapter concludes by analyzing the IP telephony (VoIP) standards. Applications that use these standards rely on RTP and RTCP for service delivery.
1. Definition
Multimedia is the use of several different media to combine and convey information in the form of text, audio, graphics, animation, video and interactive. In a distributed multimedia system, a network protocol is needed to regulate it. A protocol is an agreement on how communication is processed between 2 nodes. Types of computer networks, namely:
- Local Area Network (LAN). High-speed network in a specific local environment.
- Metropolitan Area Network (MAN). High speed for nodes distributed over long distances (usually for one city or a large area).
- Wide Area Network (WAN). Communication for very long distances. Example: internet.
- Wireless Network.
End-user equipment for accessing the network using short or medium radio transmissions.
- Wireless WAN : GSM (up to 20 Kbps).
- Wireless LAN/MAN : WaveLAN (2-11 Mbps, up to 150 m).
- Wireless PAN (Personal Area Network)Bluetooth (up to 2Mbps, distance <10 m).
With the increasing processing power available in desktop computers, a wide range of multimedia applications have developed. These applications are leveraging existing network infrastructure to deliver video-based and audio-based applications to end users. Networks have long been used solely to support traditional data transmission.
This application provides enhanced capabilities for 2-way videoconferencing, audio broadcasting, whiteboard collaboration, interactive training and IP telephony. With this application, video and audio streams are transferred over a peer-to-peer network or between clients and servers.
2. Characteristics of Multimedia Data
Mainly focused on Continuous media (video and audio).
Has the following characteristics:
a. Voluminous
- Requires high data rate and large size.
b. Real-time and Interactive
- Requires low delay
- Requires synchronization and interactive
c. Multimedia protocols consist of:
- Real Time Protocol (RTP)
- Real Time Control Protocol (RTCP)
- Resource Reservation Protocol (RSVP)
- Real Time Streaming Protocol (RTSP).
Figure 5.16. Internet Multimedia Protocol Stack