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As Troubleshooting On Windows Operating System , then in Linux there are also several tools or utilities that function almost the same to solve various problems on the network. For example:
Linux Troubleshooting Tools
1. ifconfig
Used to display or set TCP/IP on the network interface that we have. Some options that are tried to be practiced:
- ifconfig
- ifconfig -a
- ifconfig eth0
ifconfig
2. mii-tools and ethtool
To check the connection status and technologies supported by a network card.
mii tools
If the network feels a bit slow, we can use error checking by ethtool by using the -s option on the ethtool command like so:
ethtool
3. netstat -i
It can also be used to check the number of packet errors on an interface.
netstat -i
4. ifconfig -a or arp -a
Sometimes for security as an admin, we need to register the MAC address of each computer which can be seen using the command ifconfig -a or arp -a (for the MAC address of the computer connected to our computer).
ifconfig -a or arp -a
5. Ping
Just like in Windows Operating System, Ping tool in Linux is used to test connection to a point (server/computer). Some messages are displayed, if there is no replay, then it is the same as ping result in Windows.
Ping
6. telnet
In addition to using ping, to test the connection can also be done by using telnet to the host and TCP port of a server. For example, telnet to port 22 (SSH) of a server.
Telnet
To exit the command, press CTRL + ] , then type quit. If connection refused appears, there are two possibilities:
- The TCP service we are trying to connect to is not active or not running.
- There is a firewall that blocks connections to the TCP protocol.
7. curl -i
To check web-based application services on a server, you can use the curl utility, with the -I option on the curl command, you can get the applications running on a web server.
curl -i
8. netstat -an
In addition to using curl, another tool that can be used to detect problems on a network or server is "netstat -an". This command will display communications or services running on a computer/server.
netstat -an
For example, to display the number of connections currently occurring between our computer and another computer/server, you can use the following command:
netstat -an | grep tcp | egrep -i 'established|time_wait' | wc -l
9. iptables
By default, the Fedora operating system will automatically run the firewall when turned on. For network troubleshooting efforts, it is better to disable the firewall service (iptables) first.
iptables
10. traceroute
The "traceroute" tool functions the same as the "tracert" tool in the Windows System, used for testing connection links to certain servers. Tracert and traceroute use the icmp protocol.
traceroute
Messages that may appear in traceroute results:
1.) The asterisk "* * *" means that the response time to go to the next router or hop has expired, the response time for the traceoute command is 5 seconds. This can be caused by:
- The router you want to go through does not send echo replays (disabled)
- The router or firewall at that point blocks ICMP.
- Destination IP Address is inactive or not responding
2.) The "! H, ! N, or ! P" indicates that the Host (computer), network or protocol is unreachable. Usually because the router connection at that hop is disconnected.
3.) The "! X or ! A" indicates that communication with the router is filtered using ACL (Access Control List).
4.) The "! S" indicates that the source or computer performing the traceroute failed to send the frame. Usually a problem with the security settings at the kernel level in Linux.
Example:
Traceroute
traceroute "mtr"
In addition to traceroute, a more powerful tool is "mtr". With mtr you can see the path and packet loss that occurs during the journey. Command: mtr www.google.com , produces:
traceroute "mtr"
12. tcpdump
Simple tools for analyzing networks on Linux operating systems such as tcpdump, can also be used to view traffic. Usually administrators analyze traffic to find out what is happening on their networks.
tcpdump
13. nslookup
Testing DNS using nslookup, dig and host tools
nslookup
14. nmap
To perform network and system scanning, the most popular tool is nmap. With nmap, we can check a service on the server, client scanning, and network scanning.
nmap