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Objective:
- Students can implement the concepts of static and dynamic routing.
- Students understand the concept of routing.
- Students can distinguish between basic routing, dynamic routing, and static routing.
- Students can simulate routing concepts using Packet Tracer.
A. Supporting Theory
Siswanto (2011) explains that a router is a device used to configure networks. A router forwards data packets sent both internally and externally. It creates NAT (Network Address Translator), restricts network access, and performs other functions.
In practice, routers are often used to connect networks between institutions or companies with different network IDs. A common example is when your company connects to the internet, the router directs data packets to other institutions through the internet, ensuring different network numbers. Simply put, a router connects two different networks and determines the best route to reach the intended network. Routing mechanisms are generally divided into two types: static routing and dynamic routing. In static routing, the entries in the router's forwarding table are manually added and removed, while in dynamic routing, changes are made through routing protocols.
Static routing is the simplest routing configuration in computer networks. Using pure static routing means manually entering every entry in the forwarding table on each router within the network. In small networks, this is manageable, but in larger networks or the internet, where numerous routers are involved, it becomes impractical.
Dynamic routing automates the process of filling forwarding table entries. Routing protocols allow routers to communicate and exchange routing information, updating forwarding tables as network conditions change. This way, routers are aware of the latest network conditions and can direct data correctly.
B. Practical Steps
I. Static Routing
This network consists of three routers, each configured as follows:
Router 1 (Network 1: 10.121.1.0/24)
Router 2 (Network 2: 10.122.1.0/24)
Router 3 (Network 3: 10.123.1.0/24)
- Network between Router 1 and Router 2: 10.122.69.0/24
- Network between Router 2 and Router 3: 10.122.70.0/24
Router 1 Commands:
Router>enable
Router#configure terminal
Router(config)#interface fastEthernet 0/0
Router(config-if)#ip address 10.121.1.1 255.255.255.0
Router(config-if)#no shutdown
Router(config-if)#exit
Router(config)#interface fastEthernet 1/0
Router(config-if)#ip address 10.122.69.1 255.255.255.0
Router(config-if)#no shutdown
Router(config-if)#exit
Router(config)#ip route 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 10.122.69.2
Router(config)#^Z
Router 2 Commands:
Router>enable
Router#configure terminal
Router(config)#interface fastEthernet 0/0
Router(config-if)#ip address 10.122.1.1 255.255.255.0
Router(config-if)#no shutdown
Router(config-if)#exit
Router(config)#interface fastEthernet 1/0
Router(config-if)#ip address 10.122.69.2 255.255.255.0
Router(config-if)#no shutdown
Router(config-if)#exit
Router(config)#interface fastEthernet 2/0
Router(config-if)#ip address 10.122.70.1 255.255.255.0
Router(config-if)#no shutdown
Router(config-if)#exit
Router(config)#ip route 10.121.1.0 255.255.255.0 10.122.69.1
Router(config)#ip route 10.123.1.0 255.255.0.0 10.122.70.2
Router(config)#^Z
Router 3 Commands:
Router>enable
Router#configure terminal
Router(config)#interface fastEthernet 0/0
Router(config-if)#ip address 10.123.1.1 255.255.255.0
Router(config-if)#no shutdown
Router(config-if)#exit
Router(config)#interface fastEthernet 1/0
Router(config-if)#ip address 10.122.70.2 255.255.255.0
Router(config-if)#no shutdown
Router(config-if)#exit
Router(config)#ip route 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 10.122.70.1
Router(config)#^Z
Example IP Configuration:
- Network 1: IP: 10.121.1.100 | Netmask: 255.255.255.0 | Gateway: 10.121.1.1
- Network 2: IP: 10.122.1.100 | Netmask: 255.255.255.0 | Gateway: 10.122.1.1
- Network 3: IP: 10.123.1.100 | Netmask: 255.255.255.0 | Gateway: 10.123.1.1
II. Dynamic Routing (RIP)
Configuration for a network using three routers and RIP protocol.
Router 1 Commands:
Router>enable
Router#configure terminal
Router(config)#interface fastEthernet 0/0
Router(config-if)#ip address 202.46.129.1 255.255.255.0
Router(config-if)#no shutdown
Router(config-if)#exit
Router(config)#router rip
Router(config-router)#network 202.46.129.0
Router(config-router)#network 172.15.1.0
Router(config-router)#exit
Similar configurations are applied for Router 2 and Router 3 as mentioned.
Bibliography:
Siswanto, Joko, 2011, Computer Network and Data Communication Practical Module, STMIK El Rahma, Yogyakarta.